What term describes damage that occurs due to the exchange of energy exceeding the body's tolerance?

The term that accurately describes damage occurring from the exchange of energy exceeding the body's tolerance is indeed "injury." Injuries can manifest in various forms, such as cuts, fractures, or sprains, resulting from forces that the body cannot withstand. This concept highlights the relationship between the energy applied to the body and its capacity to absorb or cope with that energy without resulting in harm.

In contrast, exhaustion refers to a state of extreme physical or mental fatigue, which doesn't inherently relate to the immediate physical damage caused by excess energy. Stress, in a physiological context, refers to the body's response to any demand or challenge, not specifically linked to physical injury, while contusion typically describes a specific type of injury, namely a bruise caused by blunt force. Thus, "injury" is the most appropriate term when discussing damage that arises from energies surpassing bodily limits.