A computer-controlled machine creating a part by depositing material layers based on a 3D model is known as what?

Additive manufacturing refers to the process of creating parts and products by adding material layer by layer, based on a digital 3D model. This technology encompasses techniques such as 3D printing, where the material is deposited, fused, or cured to form a solid object. This method is distinct because it builds up the object, rather than removing material from a solid block, which is characteristic of subtractive manufacturing.

In additive manufacturing, the design process offers more flexibility and complexity in creating geometries that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through traditional manufacturing techniques. Additionally, this approach allows for reduced waste, as material is only used where necessary, contributing to environmental sustainability.

The other choices relate to different processes and methods. Subtractive manufacturing involves cutting away material from a solid block to create a part, which can lead to more waste. Automation technology encompasses a broad range of machinery and software that automates processes in manufacturing but does not specifically refer to the way parts are built. Robotic fabrication typically involves robots in manufacturing processes but may not be limited to layer-by-layer material deposition. Hence, additive manufacturing is the most accurate term for the described process.